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النبيٌ صلى الله عليه وسلم ..وغزوة البدر الكبرى

29/03/2024
798 2٬322

أبوبكر السنوسي

الدّعوة الإصلاحيّة التي قادها النّبيّ صلّى الله عليه وسلّم ، ذات المنحى العقديّ والأخلاقيّ ، وُلدت في رُحمِ حُدودٍ جغرافيّة واسعة الأطرافِ ، محاطة بالمعتقدات الفاسدة ، من عبادة الأوثان والأجرام السّماويّة ( الكواكب ، الشمس ، القمر …) وذلك إثر انخلاع شعوبها عن دين إبراهيم عليه الصّلاة والسّلام .
فأصبحتْ تتبنّى سلوكيات ذات اتّجاه فاسدٍ ، ومنحرف عن الفطرة السّليمة والإنسانيّة ، من وأْد البنات ، والاستيلاء السياسيّ الجارف ، وفرض الذّات ، والتّبنّي ، وتجذير العبوديّة…
وبعد مرور ثلاثة أعوامٍ ، قوِيَ عُود الدّعوة الإصلاحيّة العقديّة ، فنظرتْها الفئة الأرستقراطية المجتمعيّة المتمثلة ( صخر بن حرب ، أبو جهل ، عتبة بن ربيعة ، أبو لهب ، الوليد بن المغيرة…) نظرةَ ريبٍ وشكٍّ ، باعتبارها دعوة ستهدد حتما على مصالحنا الذّاتيّة ، وستقوّض بأحكامها الإسلاميّةِ البنيةَ التاريخيّةَ التي شاختْ عليها مكّة قبل مجيئها ، وسيكون لها موقف مغاير تجاه علاقاتنا الاقتصادية بين الشام واليمن …
وهذه النّظرة التي زرعت الخوفَ في النّفوس ، أملى على كفّار قريش اتخاذ موقف العداء والاضطهاد تجاه النبيّ ولأصحابه ، وإيذاء من آمنوا معه من الضعفاء ، وذلك بعد مجاهرة الدّعوة ، وبحث أساليب النّشر بين القبائل المجاورة .

وفي بيعة العقبة الثّانية وفدت إلى مكة مجموعة من القبائل ( قبيلة بنو عامر بن صعصعة ، وبنو عبس ، وبنو سليم ، وبنو مرة ، وبنو فزارةَ…) بغرض أداء الحجّ ، فعرض عليهم النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم الإسلام ، فأسلم منهم ثلاثة وسبعون رجلا ، منهم : رفاعة بن عبد المنذر ، رافع بن مالك ، أسعد بن زرارة ، وسعد بن خيثمة ، والبراء بن معرور…
وامرأتان : نُسيبة بنت كعب الأنصاريّة ، وأمّ منيع أسماء بنت عمرو ) …

ولمّا رجعوا إلى يثرب بعث إليهم النّبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم مصعب بن عميرٍ العبدريّ ؛ لترسيخ العقيدة الإسلاميّة التي اعتنقوها في موسم الحجّ ، عبر التعليم وبيان أحكام الشّرع ، خاصّة الجانب العقديّ ، والمعاملات التّجاريّة وغيرها من المهن التي كسحتْ الجزيرة كالزّراعة والرّيّ .

والكمّ الضّئيل ممن كانوا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلّم في دار الأرقم بن أبي الأرقم ، شُوهد بعد العقبتين ازدياد كبير ، بسبب إيمان الجمّ الغفير من أفراد تلك القبائل ، وسرعة انتشار الدّعوة في عمق الجزيرة ، مما أثار حفيظةَ كبار قريشٍ ؛ فمارسوا ضدّ هؤلاء الأبرياء من المؤمنين أقسى أنواع من التعذيب والقتل ونهب ثرواتهم وتهديد أمنهم وتشريدهم ، فبسبب ضراوة الظّروفِ التي عاشوا تحت نيرها ، أصبحوا لاجئين سياسيين وتحت حماية ملك إثيوبيّ ومجوسيّ ( أصحمة)…

وبرغبة الانتقام وردّ العدوان عليهم ، أمر النبي صلّى الله عليه وسلّم المسلمين ، بالتّعرّض على قافلتهم التّجاريّة التي كانت تأتي من اليمن شتاء وصيفا من الشّام ومصر ، وكان صخر بن حرب ( أبو سفيان ) قائدها ، لكنّ قافلته نجت بسبب الإنذار الدبلوماسيّ القرشيّ …

وزادت بذلك حفيظة قريش ، فخرجوا بجيش قويّ ، وبنيّة القضاء على الإسلام وعلى الكُتكوت حتّى لا تقوى لها الأرجل ، والتقوا مع المسلمين ببدر ، كانت سوقا من أسواق العرب المشهورة ، وأسفل وادي الصّفراء ؛ لأنّ بطون الأودية كانت تُقام فيها الأسواق …
وقد سبقهم النبيّ صلى الله عليه وسلّم وجيشه في بدر ، وكان من المنطقيّ استكشاف أماكنه الاستراتيجيّة ، فنزلوا قرب الماء ، حيث خلّفوه وراءهم برأي الحباب بن المنذر ؛ لأنّ قطع المسافة بين بدر ( وادي الصّفراء ) ومكة ، سيجعل كفار قريش عاطشين إلى الماء للشّرب ، بعدما أجهدهم التّجواب بين الأودية وغيرها من الأسباب التي جرّت إليهم التّعب …
وبالتجربة الحربية الباسلة التي أبدتها القواد الكبار من المسلمين ( حمزة ، عليّ ، وعبيدة بن الحارث ) عبر المواجهة ، انطمست أمامهم ضخامة الجيش القرشيّ وهيبتها ، وهذه التجربة زادت قوّة الغلامين المعنويّة : معاذ بن عمرو بن الجموح ، ومعاذ بن العفراء ، فدفعتهما إلى إزهاق أرواح زعماء قريش ، أبو جهل وعمرو بن هشام ، فخسرت خسارة فادحة جرّت إليها الذّلّ والصّغار – بفتح الصّاد – والفوز إلى النّبي صلى الله عليه وسلّم وجيشه الباسل الهيبةَ والوقار ، وجعله مرهوبَ الجنابِ .

                السّنوسىّ
29/03/2024
798 2٬322
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