واشنطن تعلّق منح تأشيرات الهجرة لـ26 دولة إفريقية بينها السنغال
تتجه الولايات المتحدة نحو منعطف حاد في سياستها الخاصة بالهجرة. فمنذ 21 يناير الجاري، علّقت الإدارة الأمريكية رسميًا معالجة طلبات تأشيرات الهجرة الدائمة لمواطني 75 دولة حول العالم. وتُعدّ إفريقيا من أكثر القارات تضررًا من هذا القرار، إذ يشمل 26 دولة إفريقية، من بينها السنغال، وكوت ديفوار، والكاميرون، ونيجيريا، وغانا، وإثيوبيا، وتونس.
وعلى خلاف التأشيرات السياحية، تستهدف هذه القيود بشكل خاص تأشيرات «الإقامة طويلة الأمد». وهي التأشيرات التي تتيح عادة الاستقرار الدائم في الولايات المتحدة، سواء عبر لمّ الشمل العائلي أو الحصول على وظيفة مستقرة. ووفقًا لواشنطن، فإن هذا التعليق المؤقت يهدف إلى تمكين السلطات من إجراء مراجعة شاملة وعميقة لآليات منح هذه التأشيرات.
وفي بيان نُشر بتاريخ 7 يناير، برّرت وزارة الخارجية الأمريكية هذا القرار بأسباب اقتصادية، مؤكدة أن رعايا الدول المعنية، الموجودين أصلًا على الأراضي الأمريكية، يستفيدون من مساعدات اجتماعية بمستويات وُصفت بأنها «غير مقبولة».
وبالنسبة للرئيس دونالد ترامب، فإن الرسالة واضحة: يتعيّن على المهاجرين من الآن فصاعدًا إثبات «قدرتهم على الاعتماد المالي على أنفسهم»، والتوقف عن «تشكيل عبء على الأمريكيين». ويأتي هذا الإجراء في إطار إصلاح شامل لقانون الهجرة والجنسية (Immigration and Nationality Act)، وهو التشريع الذي ينظم شروط الدخول والإقامة في الولايات المتحدة.
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